IKAROS SETS THE THRESHOLD FOR NEGATIVE B-CELL SELECTION BY REGULATION OF THE SIGNALING STRENGTH OF THE AKT PATHWAY

Ikaros sets the threshold for negative B-cell selection by regulation of the signaling strength of the AKT pathway

Abstract Inhibitory phosphatases, such as the inositol-5-phosphatase SHIP1 could potentially contribute to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by raising the threshold for activation of the autoimmunity checkpoint, allowing malignant cells with strong oncogenic B-cell receptor signaling to escape negative selection.Here, we show that SHIP1

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MARKET STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION

Literature on the link between market structure and industrial innovation is surveyed.Part II focuses on the so-called Schumpeterian hypothesis that large firm size, diversification or monopoly power is conducive to innovation and technical progress.Both empirical studies and theoretical developments are reviewed; alesmith tower of flower for the f

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Coexistence of single- and multi-photon processes due to longitudinal couplings between superconducting flux qubits and external fields

In contrast to natural atoms, the potential energies for superconducting flux qubit (SFQ) circuits can be artificially controlled.When the inversion symmetry of the potential energy is broken, we find that multi-photon processes can coexist in multi-level SFQ circuits.Moreover, there are not only transverse 9.5-4 igora vibrance but also longitudina

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